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Methods

WRF Model

The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model is a cutting-edge mesoscale numerical weather prediction system used for both research and operational forecasting. Developed since the late 1990s by a collaboration of institutions like NCAR and NOAA, WRF supports simulations across a range of scales and integrates advanced physics, numerics, and data assimilation. It is widely used globally for real-time forecasts and research.

Research 1 - Landcover type

Urban 100

Cropland 100

Water Bodies 100

Mixed Forest 100

We selected urban, cropland, water bodies, and mixed forest as the land use types. Before comparing the model where urban areas are combined with other land use types, we created a "single-use" model where all areas share the same land use type to aid understanding.

Research 2 - Location

Cropland

25 

Urban

50 

Cropland

25 

Water bodies

25 

Urban

50 

Water bodies

25 

Mixed Forest

25 

Urban

50 

Mixed Forest

25 

To compare each land cover type, a model was used where the urban area was placed in the center, surrounded by cropland, water bodies, and mixed forest. The size of the city center is fixed as 50.

Research 3 - Distribution

Cropland

25 

Urban

50 

Cropland

25 

Urban

25

Cropland

50

Urban

25

Water bodies

25 

Urban

50 

Water bodies

25 

Urban

25

Water bodies

50 

Urban

25

Mixed Forest

25 

Urban

50 

Mixed Forest

25 

Urban

25

Mixed Forest

50 

Urban

25

To compare the characteristics of each land cover type according to the distribution of urban areas, we examined cases where the urban area was located in the center and on the sides, respectively. The size of the center area is fixed as 50.

Variables

To study the urban heat island phenomenon in greater detail, we utilized several variables, including temperature with wind vectors, relative humidity, u-wind, and w-wind. We generated vertical contour plots for each variable and conducted a comprehensive analysis.

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